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Taking inventory of life-science headcounts
April 2012
SHARING OPTIONS:
Kodak once had 60,000 employees in Rochester, N.Y. Today,
they have tenfold less and are operating under bankruptcy protection. Given
that all visual records of my youth are recorded on chemistry developed by
Kodak, I wish them well as they reinvent themselves. The fact that they have
already been trying for over 20 years tells us it’s not been easy. They tried
pharmaceuticals. They tried clinical diagnostics. Remember that the Ektachem
was to revolutionize the hospital clinical lab. Kodak even invented digital imaging.
They have had some of the best chemistry and materials scientists around and
hired many top graduates from the best universities.
We’ve seen over and over how infrastructure has become a
brake on speed and how successful firms become, and as a result, vulnerable to
failure. This has been well reflected in the Midwest economy. It’s nearly taken
out entire mid-sized cities.
Today, we hear an endless drum beat about job creation as a
metric used to judge crony capitalism with its government incentives. Think
green energy. Today, many still judge a person or company by how many report on
the organization chart. These are mistaken metrics.
What we really want is “wealth creation” through innovation
that truly advances the cause of customers through enhanced productivity. The
number of customers determines impact. Nevertheless, this, too, is not
sustainable. Survival requires innovating again and again at a greater and
greater speed. Customers create jobs. No one else can.
Agriculture makes my point. Productivity replaced 95 percent
of the jobs over a century, customers have more and better food than ever and
we export more soybeans in a week than we grew in a year in 1900. In the
traditions of modern journalism, but with the honesty of science, I made up the
numbers in the last sentence just like the best newspapers and politicians
often do today. Few would think it a good idea to trade mechanized agriculture
for more jobs.
Industries have been shedding as much infrastructure as
possible. We know the $100 million factory or laboratory today can overnight
become a $5 million auction. Success is best not measured by headcount, but by
making a difference.
The pharmaceutical, scientific instrument and medical device
industries are embracing a networked ecosystem. We have a number of companies
today that are virtual. They can be strategists and project managers, networked
with specialists to deliver results efficiently. They can fail gracefully when
needed, in a way that Kodak (named in 1888) cannot today. Apple is iconic in
this respect, reinventing itself over and over with very light infrastructure
for its size.
Components are sourced externally, manufacturing is in Asia,
distribution is through multiple channels, some virtual, partnering with many.
We are blessed here in the Midwest with the pieces that have broken off the
industrial economy icebergs as well as the new ones we’ve invented. Using
medical devices and scientific instruments as examples, we have expert machine
shops, injection molding firms, metal and plastics fabricators, metallurgists,
automation engineers, software firms, regulatory affairs consultants,
toxicologists, reimbursement experts, purveyors of clinical trials and
life-science legal practices. On the pharmaceutical side we also have a very
deep complement of contract research firms and manufacturers. Many in this
network earned their battle scars at the deceased Searle, Upjohn, Marion Labs,
Merrill, Parke-Davis, Guidant and others. Some also hatched from transportation
and communications industries with their strengths in plastics, metals,
electronics and software.
Creative destruction is alive and well. Is the value derived
from in-house headcount? No. The wealth creation comes from helping patients
and learning how to use the network. Jobs are now more widely dispersed and
more secure within the network, where they can be applied to many projects.
Success brings capital gains that are recycled. Many young firms will fail and
we learn from each one. Along the way, careers are made, families supported and
wisdom gained.
Do our state governments with their executive and
legislative branches fully grasp this networked innovation economy? I think
not. It’s certainly not intuitive or comfortable. Life-science risk rivals our
Midwest state lotteries. It’s a risk we must keep taking. The origins of the
anchor stores of life sciences all started with single-digit headcounts and no
amount of planning guaranteed their success. Some lasted a very long time, but
not longer. The DNA of the discontinued firms listed above continues in their
acquirers, divestments and their vibrant spinouts.
It is important to value failures (common) and not focus
only on the successes (rare) as we replace the ego system with a dynamic
ecosystem. Could a business plan predict the origins of Illumina in California
from a lab at Tufts University in Boston and the fact that Roche wants them
badly for a gazillion beans? Nope! It only took a decade from their founding in
April 1998.
Try, try again. That’s our way. Plan less, do more. I’m
sorry about Kodak’s challenges, but it is a natural process and they had a
fabulous run while creating a lot of wealth and happiness through enhanced
productivity.
Peter T. Kissinger is
professor of chemistry at Purdue University, chairman emeritus of BASi and a
director of Chembio Diagnostics, Phlebotics and Prosolia.
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