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Vanderbilt forges path for academia
November 2011
SHARING OPTIONS:
NASHVILLE, Tenn.—Directing a combination of team science
culture, infrastructure, business expertise and can-do spirit toward
systematically delivering novel drug candidates to treat serious brain
disorders, Vanderbilt University is not only providing an unmet need, but also
forging a path for other academic institutions to follow.
“There is a crying need for better drugs to treat people
with serious brain disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia—and
for better ways to treat children with autism,” says Jeffrey Conn, director of
the Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (VCNDD).
Just last month, Vanderbilt announced new therapies for
Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and Fragile X syndrome, a direct result of
its plan to bring new drugs to market. The new Vanderbilt compounds, developed
with support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research
(MJFF), bypass the dopamine system altogether and instead modulate the activity
of a specific glutamate receptor called mGlu4.
Research suggests that excessive signaling through another
glutamate receptor, mGluR5, may contribute to manifestations of Fragile X
syndrome, which include impaired cognitive function, developmental delay,
attention deficit and hyperactivity, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and autistic
behaviors.
With support from the company, the Vanderbilt researchers
have developed drug candidates that may improve Fragile X symptoms by “tuning
down” the mGluR5 activity. Conn and his team have also identified chemical
compounds that work in a fundamentally different way, by inhibiting glycine
transporter one (GlyT1). This allows for more normal function of brain cells
involved in schizophrenia.
In a transaction announced this month, Vanderbilt licensed
the compounds to Karuna Pharmaceuticals in Boston, Mass., for further
development leading to human testing. The compounds are expected to enter
clinical testing in 2012, Conn says.
“To my knowledge, this is the first example of an academic institution
building a coordinated drug discovery effort that is now systematically
delivering a pipeline of innovative new drug candidates,” Conn tells ddn. “How new models for drug discovery
and development will emerge to help stem the current challenges in the
pharmaceutical industry has been a major topic of concern. The National
Institutes of Health (NIH) is trying to help tackle these issues, but will
academic institutions be able to help fill the gap that is being left in early
drug discoveries?”
The concept at Vanderbilt began with very basic research
funded by the NIH that had implications for new therapeutic approaches, he
says.
“The areas we were working on were high-risk and not of
great interest to pharma at the time,” Conn says. “However, the NIH and the
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) began to shift their focus to
provide mechanisms to develop new tools that could encourage drug discovery.”
The NIH then launched the Molecular Libraries Probe
Production Network, which supported high-throughput screens of drug-like
molecules and limited medicinal chemistry to test new ideas that could lead to
new drugs, he says.
“The NIMH then gave us a grant to establish a Vanderbilt
National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group focused on discovery of new medicines
for treatment of schizophrenia … giving us the funding needed to execute fully
integrated drug discovery efforts aimed at fully optimizing new drug candidates
for treatment of this disorder,” Conn says. “Without strong NIH support, none
of these efforts would be possible.”
Since Vanderbilt began its drug delivery program in 2003,
building from the ground up with veteran pharma-trained drug discovery
scientists, “we’ve had the expertise and time to build a team-based drug
discovery effort with all the components found in pharma and with time to
establish a culture and approach that allows fully integrated team-based drug
discovery research,” he says.
At the same time, the pharmaceutical industry has undergone
major downsizing because of loss of profits due to major products going off
patent and the extremely high risk of drug discovery and development that is
resulting in few new drug approvals, Conn says. Thus, there are not enough new
products to replace those lost to patent expirations, he adds.
“Although the roots of the problem do not lie exclusively
with pharma, we all have to take responsibility that the public trust that has
been placed in us to translate advances in basic science into new medicines
that clearly improve the standard of patient care,” he says. “To me, this is
what we in academic drug discovery efforts are all about.”
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