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Persistence for resistance
January 2011
SHARING OPTIONS:
VANCOUVER, British Columbia—Two Vancouver researchers are
tackling the deadliest forms of prostate cancer, the most commonly diagnosed
male cancer in Canada. Drs. Art Cherkasov and Paul Rennie of the Vancouver
Prostate Centre are using “chemogenomics”—the study of genomic responses to
chemical compounds—to develop a novel class of prostate cancer drugs in order
to provide new treatment options.
The goal is the rapid identification of novel drugs and drug
targets, embracing multiple early-phase drug discovery technologies ranging
from target identification and validation, through compound design and chemical
synthesis, to biological testing and ADME profiling.
This new approach uses
computer modeling in virtual 3D to predict how different chemicals or drugs
will affect cancer tumors.
Currently, prostate cancer afflicts about one in six men in
Canada, notes Rennie, and about one in eight in the United States, or about
5,000 cases reported annually in Canada and 50,000 here.
Since 1946, the disease
has been treated by targeting the androgen receptor with drugs that either
block or bind the male hormone receptor thereby effectively shrinking the
tumor.
Unfortunately, for many men, the effectiveness of this type of treatment
is temporary and the cancer cells become treatment-resistant. With no
alternative curative treatment options available, the average life expectancy
for men whose bodies resist this type of treatment is less than 18 months.
“The impact of this project on patient survival could be
tremendous if we can develop a new drug that avoids this resistance issue,”
says Cherkasov.
To achieve this goal, the Vancouver researchers have “moved
upstream,” Rennie explains, “from the ligand binding site to the BF3 region.”
The goal is to target a different region of the androgen receptor. X-ray
crystallography is used to determine the structure of the binding site,
Cherkasov explains.
The team will then use virtual screening, with docking
being used as one tool, to narrow a set of more than 10 million compounds or
chemicals looking for potential new drugs, and then use computational
chemogenomics to screen the compounds to gauge their potential effectiveness in
targeting prostate tumors.
“This type of ‘virtual screening’ is expected to shave years
off the typical discovery process for new drug candidates and will allow us to
identify and test the most promising chemical compounds more rapidly,” says Dr.
Rennie. “Presently, it can take 10 years or more to bring a compound to the
stage of testing in humans. This new high-tech approach could significantly
shorten the wait for novel prostate cancer treatments.”
Initially, Cherkasov estimates that the process will narrow
the candidate molecules to a few hundred for testing in the wet lab.
“High-throughput screening is very labor-intensive. What we
are seeing is that with virtual screening, we are able to narrow down what
drugs we should be taking through to testing in the laboratory or the clinical
trial stage,” says Cherkasov. “When trying to create new drugs in the past,
you’d make your best guess on what compound you thought might work, test and
get a success rate of about 0.01 percent. The use of virtual screening offers
the potential for a much higher success rate—from 10 to 60 percent—which would
be an enormous improvement in the field.”
In addition, the much faster process, which utilizes
software Cherkasov developed and 500 processors at the Centre—with access to
thousands more—is expected to generate clinic-ready candidates in as little as
two years.
“In this type of work, getting funding is difficult,” Rennie
states, “and Genome BC jumped in.”
The organization funded the project as part of its Strategic
Opportunities Fund (SOF), which provides funding to key life sciences
initiatives in British Columbia. The project, has received $324,000 in funding,
with $161,500 from Genome BC and the rest from other partners including the
Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Vancouver Prostate Centre.
“Chemogenomics is becoming an accepted part of drug discovery and
promises to revolutionize the field in a manner comparable to how
bioinformatics transformed biology research 10 years ago,” says Dr. Alan
Winter, president and CEO of Genome BC. “This project is groundbreaking, and we
are excited by the potential impact it could have on prostate cancer research.” Code: E011119 Back |
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